Практическое занятие - TESTS

 Добрый день Уважаемые Студенты, наше сегодняшнее занятие посвящено работе с листа, где будут предлагаться задания и необходимо будет применять все полученные ранее знания для того, чтобы выполнить их в заданное время.
1) Pronunciation (68-70)

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/pronunciation

2) Grammar Tests -

Variant I.

1. Ecology ... to be an interdisciplinary field of science that includes biology, geography and Earth science.

a) is stated                   b) has stated                  c) had stated

2. Every plant or animal of an ecosystem ... a definite role to play.

a) have                        b) has                             c) are having

3. The nature of connections in ecological communities ... be explained by knowing the details of each species in isolation.

a) has not                    b) cannot                       c) haven’t

4. Biodiversity ... to describe the diversity of life from genes to ecosystems.

a) are known              b) has known                c) is known

5. Scientists ... in the way that diversity affects the complex ecological processes.

a) interests                  b) are interested            c) was interested

6. A habitat ... an aquatic or terrestrial environment.

a) are able to be          b) might be                   c) have to be

7. Pollution ... numerous adverse effects.

a) produce                  b) produces                   c) are producing

8. He ... to come here yesterday.

a) was able                 b) could                        c) can

9. The ecology of global carbon budgets ... one example of the linkage between biodiversity and biogeochemistry.

a) give                       b) gives                         c) are giving

10. The metric system is an internationally agreed ... system of measurement.

a) decimal                 b) optical                       c) monitoring

Variant II.

1. Ecosystems ... always changing, sometimes rapidly and sometimes slowly.

a) is                                     b) are                                 c) was

2. Scientists are concerned ... this problem.

a) about                               b) for                                 c) by

3. Homo sapiens, ... , is a part of the world ecosystem.

a) of course                         b) all right                         c) well

4. Ecology ... to be the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment.

a) has supposed                   b) is supposed                   c) had supposed

5. Biodiversity ... play an important role in ecosystem services which maintain human quality

of life.

a)  are able to                      b) can                                c) were able to

6. The habitat of a species describes the environment over which a species ... to occur.

a)  are known                      b) were known                  c) is known

7. Ecology and evolutionary biology ... to be sister disciplines of the life sciences.

a) is considered                  b) are considered               c) was considered

8. Behavioural ecology ... to be the study of an organism’s behaviour in its environment.

a) suggested                       b) has suggested                c) is suggested

9. This device ... be used in our laboratory.

a) should                            b) should to                       c) has

10. Change in one ecological factor ... affect the dynamic state of an entire ecosystem.

a) has                                 b) can                                 c) have
Variant III.

1. The largest scale of ecological organization ... to be the biosphere.

a) is believed                   b) are believed              c) believed

2. Ecosystems are dynamic and  ... always follow a linear way.

a) does not                       b) do not                       c) not

3. Ecology ... to be related to evolutionary biology and genetics.

a) had stated                    b) has stated                  c) is stated

4. An ecosystem’s area ... vary greatly, from tiny to vast.

a) can                              b) must                          c) have to

5. Some ecological principles ... exhibit collective properties.

a) do                               b) does                           c) was

6. Biodiversity ... species diversity, ecosystem diversity, and genetic diversity.

a) include                       b) includes                     c) is included

7. Adaptation ... to be the central unifying concept in behavioural ecology.

a)  supposes                   b) supposed                   c) is supposed

8. She was watching TV in the living room and ... her mother phoned her.

a) suddenly                    b) however                    c) just

9. A man began to disturb the balance of nature only after he started to practise farming ... a large scale.

a) on                              b) in                               c) by

10. He ... to come here at 4 p.m.

a)  can                           b) is                                c) must

3) Reading/Translatining 

Option 1

Catalysts are known to work by providing an alternative mechanism involving a different transition state and lower activation energy. The catalyst may increase reaction rate or selectivity.

In the catalyzed elementary reaction, catalysts do not change the extent of a reaction: they have no effect on the chemical equilibrium of a reaction because the rate of both the forward and the reverse reaction are both affected. The fact that a catalyst does not change the equilibrium is a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics.

Introducing the catalyst to the system would result in reaction to move to the new equilibrium, producing energy. Production of energy is a necessary result since reactions are spontaneous. Then, removing the catalyst would also result in reaction, producing energy.

T    Option 2

       The nucleus of the helium-4 atom is known to be identical with an alpha particle. Experiments show its charge to decrease from a maximum at a central point, exactly as does the charge density of helium's own electron cloud.

The stability and low energy of the electron cloud state in helium accounts for the element's chemical inertness, and also the lack of interaction of helium atoms with each other, producing the lowest melting and boiling points of all the elements.

The particular energetic stability of the helium-4 nucleus, produced by similar effects, accounts for the ease of helium-4 production in atomic reactions. The stability of helium-4 is the reason hydrogen is converted to helium-4 (not deuterium or helium-3 or heavier elements) in the Sun.              

                                                                                                                                                     

 Option 3  

    Radon is known to be a member of the zero-valence elements that are called noble gases. It is inert to most common chemical reactions, such as combustion, because the outer valence shell contains eight electrons. This produces a stable, minimum energy configuration in which the outer electrons are bound. 1037 kJ/mol is required to extract one electron from its shells (also known as the first ionization energy). However, radon has a lower electronegativity than the element one period before it, xenon, and is therefore more reactive. Radon is more soluble in organic liquids than in water. Early studies concluded that the stability of radon hydrate should be of the same order as that of the hydrates of chlorine (Cl₂) or sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and higher than the stability of the hydrate of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S).       

Option 4 

    Krypton is stated to be the second heaviest of the noble gases.  It has a concentration of 1.14 ppm by volume in Earth's atmosphere.

At room temperature krypton is a colorless, odorless gas. Upon freezing it forms a white crystal with a cubic structure. During the late twentieth century the wavelength of light corresponding to krypton's 605.78-nanometer (2.4 × 10 ⁻⁵ -inch) spectral line was the internationally adopted definition of the meter.

Krypton is produced deep within stars during nucleosynthesis. It has six naturally occurring (i.e., stable) isotopes, the most abundant of which is krypton-84 (57%). Radioactive krypton is produced in fission reactions of heavy elements. Thus, radioactive isotopes of krypton have always formed part of the natural radiation background¹ of Earth's atmosphere.

¹the background – фон

Option 5

Polonium is a silver-grey, radioactive metal . Discovered by chemist Marie Curie in 1898, polonium was named after her country of origin (Poland).

Polonium is found in the earth's crust at very low levels; its natural abundance is only 2 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ milligrams per kilogram. Approximately 100 micrograms of polonium are found in 1 ton of uranium ore. Polonium can be produced by bombarding ²⁰⁹ Bi with neutrons to form ²¹⁰ Bi, which in turn decays into ²¹⁰ Po.

Polonium has more isotopes than any other element. The most common isotope is ²¹⁰ Po, which has a half-life of 138.4 days. Other isotopes have half-lives ranging from less than 1 second to 102 years ( ²⁰⁹ Po). Polonium burns in air to form polonium (IV) oxide (PoO ₂ ). It also dissolves readily in dilute acids.

4) Listening -  http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/6-minute-english/ep-180906

Test: 

Catherine: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Catherine. 

Dan: And I'm Dan. 

Catherine: Now Dan, would you say you had a 1) ________ lifestyle at all? 

Dan: If I only went to work, yes, I would have a 2) _______ sedentary life. I 3) ________, I sit at my desk or in the studio 4) ________. But because I know that's not good for my 5)______, I do also like to go to the gym 6) _______ a week and I'll do some exercise, like a 7) _____ or playing football at the weekend. So, my job is pretty sedentary, but not my life. 

Catherine: Nice answer, Dan. And our topic today is about how one country 8) ________ has been very successful 9) _______ the problem of a sedentary population. But before we find out more, here is today's question. According to 10) _______, how long does the average person in the UK 11) _________ every day? Is it:

a)    between 6 and 7 hours,
b)    between 7 and 8 hours or
c)    between 8 and 9 hours?

So, Dan, what do you think? 

Dan: Based on my day, it would be between 8 and 9 hours, but I don't know if I am an average person! So I'm interested to learn the answer 12) ________. 

Catherine: We'll 13) _________later in the programme. Now, 40 years ago Finland was perhaps the unhealthiest country 14) ________world. But now, it's one of the healthiest.  

Dan: Death by 15) _________ in Finland has fallen by 80% and 16) _________, the age at which the average person lives until, has risen by 10 years. 

Catherine: How has this been achieved? This was investigated on BBC Radio 4's You and Yours programme and one of the ways Finland has improved the health of the nation is by a lot of 17) ___________. BBC reporter John Laurenson describes in a 18) ___________ how this works. How does he describe someone with many health problems? 

John Laurenson: If you're 19) __________ because you're fat or old or asthmatic or chained to your computer or just plain lazy or all of those things rolled into one 20) _________, they will come to you in the form perhaps, of a stern lady with a clipboard and make some firm suggestions. They won't actually 21) ___________your PlayStation, out of your nursing home or out of the pub but they do get quite close. 

Catherine: How did he describe someone with a lot of health problems, Dan? 

Dan: Well, he wasn't very 22) ________, and we should emphasise that this report is quite tongue-in-cheek, which means that it's meant to be funny and shouldn't be taken seriously but he called the people with many health problems 'super-health disaster zones'. 

Catherine: 'Super-health disaster zones'. So what other vocabulary can we 23) _______ what he said? 

Dan: He talked about being an exercise shirker. A shirker is someone who avoids doing something usually because they are 24) ________. It's also a verb, to shirk. 

Catherine: Laurenson says that if you are an exercise shirker or indeed a super-health disaster zone, someone from the authorities will come and visit you. In another tongue-in-cheek description he says that this visitor might be a stern lady with a clipboard. 

Dan: Stern is an adjective which means very 25) ________ someone without a sense of humour who might be quite angry. And in his description the reporter says that this stern lady will have a clipboard. It's a hard board you can 26) __________ to so you can write on the paper while you are moving around. 

Catherine: So we have this image of an angry lady arriving at your house to 27) _______for your health habits and make you live a healthier life. 

Dan: But he does point out that they won't actually drag you out of your house 28) ________. However, in the report he goes on to say that there is lot of 29) _________, even from school age, to eat well and take 30) ______________. 

Catherine: Well, before a stern lady with a clipboard comes and tells us off for not finishing on time, let's get the answer to today's quiz. According to a recent survey, how long does the average person in the UK spend sitting down every day? Is it:
a)    between 6 and 7 hours,
b)    between 7 and 8 hours or
c)    between 8 and 9 hours?

Dan: And I said I had no idea.

Catherine: Well, the answer was c), Dan - between 8 and 9 hours. In fact, it was 8 and a 31) ________. By comparison, in Finland, it's less than 6 hours. 

Dan: I guess we are a lot more sedentary in Britain. 

Catherine: And sedentary is our first word in our 32) _________ It's an adjective used to describe a lifestyle which involves a lot of sitting and not much exercise. 

Dan: And if you are very sedentary, it can lead to a 33) ________. Life expectancy - the age to which you are expected to live. 

Catherine: Next we had the word shirker for someone who 34) __________ something they don't like, usually because they are lazy. For example, an exercise shirker avoids exercise. 

Dan: Something that is said tongue-in-cheek is meant to be humorous and not taken seriously. 

Catherine: If you are stern though, you want to be taken seriously. It's an adjective that means serious and strict. 

Dan: And finally there's clipboard. A board you attach papers to so you write on them as you 35) ___________. 

Catherine: Well, Dan, it's time for us to go and get some exercise. Join us again next time and remember you can find us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and of course our website bbclearningenglish.com. See you soon, bye. 

Dan: Bye!   - слушаем два раза и заполняем пропуски; далее выбираем 15 предложений по теме Sedentary Lifestyle!