Здравствуйте, Уважаемые Студенты! Обращаю Ваше внимание на то, что не все ФИ идентифицированы, поэтому пожалуйста подписывайтесь. Что же Вас ожидает сегодня.... 1. Grammar Test 4 - материалы предоставляются на занятии, позже публикуются в Вашем блоге. 2. Pronunciation - http://usefulenglish.ru/phonetics/practice-consonant-contrast 3. Lecture - https://studfiles.net/preview/5708252/page:19/ * Составьте 20 вопросов по тексту лекции. 4. Speaking - https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/advanced-c1-listening/tech-addiction Выразите своё мнение по данной теме 15-20 предложений, не забывайте воспользоваться словарём! Keys to punctuation task: Nobody seemed to care about Mary . She was born in India , where her father was a British official . He was busy with his work , and her mother , who was very beautiful , spent all her time going to parties . So an Indian woman , Kamala , was paid to take care of the little girl . Mary was not a pretty child . ...
Савельев Андрей
ОтветитьУдалить№1
#13
2) She begged not to take his ring because it was a present
3) She complained to him of being late and asked where has he been
4) He suggested to cook the dinner because she looked tired
5) She complained to him of making noises, explained she couldn't concentrate
6) She complined him of teasing his sister, explained that it upsets her
7) He asked her why won't she come to the party and added that everyone would love to see her
8) He admitted broking the window and said that he was the one who kicked the football
#14
Fatima said that she did't like it at first and explained that she wasn't sure it was right for her. Jane asked her why she had had doubts about it. Fatima said that there had been to much reading and none of the other students had seemed very friendly but now she had got used to it and liked it a lot. Then asked Jane if she liked her cours. Jane said that It was alright with te course but she was't interested in History as she had thought she had been. Fatima asked Jane why don't she studied something else and suggested her to study English. Jane said that it was really good idea and suggested to Fatima to help each other with thier work
#15
2) The boy replied that he could
3) The fun park employee advised to boy to keep both his hands on the handle
4) The fun park employee ordered not to unfasten his seat belt while on the ridel
5) The fun park employee wanrned the boy if he did he could fall and get seriously injured
6) Sally begged to stop the ride because she wanted to get off
#16
"I don't have enought tme to study" Barry explained.
"Are you taking part in too many after-school activities" the student advisor asked
"I am in three sports teams" admitted Barry and added "As a result I always feel tired at the end of the day"
"You should participate in one sport only and spend more time in the library studying" the student advisor suggested
"I think that is good idea" Barry said
"I want you to meet me after your next exam" the student advisor asked
№3
I can't say much about banks but I have been in some of them. Every time I desided to get a debit card in every bank they were tring to stick a servese just to earn money from me while i was trying to get a simple debit card. I remembered how it was imposible to purchase something in the internet afterd i had decided not to use Online Bank from Sberbank. I had to drive to the office and there i must confirm my purchase. I hate banks.
№2
УдалитьLet's look at a gas phase chemical reaction and determine the free energy difference between the products and the reactants. Now, we're going to determine delta G without the standard sign. Delta G with the standard sign would mean all the pressures would be 1 atmosphere. Here, we're not at that standard-state conditions. We're at a different set of conditions. We want to determine if that set of conditions is at equilibrium or will the reaction proceed towards products or reactants to reach equilibrium? So we know the equilibrium constant is 41. So we can calculate a reaction quotient, and compare it to the equilibrium constant, and determine which way the reaction has yet to proceed. So let's do that. The reaction quotient is given by the product concentrations over the reactant concentrations raised to their stoichiometric powers. So the partial pressure of NH3 squared, the partial pressure of nitrogen, and the partial pressure of hydrogen cubed. I can plug in the conditions I've been given.
So if I plug those in, partial pressure of ammonia, 21 bar, partial pressure of N2, 4.2 bar, partial pressure of H2, 1.8 bar. And I can do that calculation. That comes out to 18, 18 less than 41. So Q is less than K. That means-- less than k, that means the denominator must be too big. The reactants are too big. So I'm going to proceed toward products to get Q to equal k. Now, for this reaction I also wanted to calculate the value of delta G, the difference between the free energies of the products and the free energies of the reactants, at these conditions. Now, I should anticipate that that's going to be negative. Because I've already said the reaction is going to go towards products. That means it has to proceed further downhill. The reactant free energies are still too high compared to the product free energies. So let's see if that holds true. I can calculate delta G from the standard state free energy difference and R, the temperature, and this equilibrium quotient that I've just calculated. So let's go ahead and do that. I can calculate delta G standard from minus RTlnK. I was given k and the temperature. So here's R, the gas constant, T, the temperature, 400k, and the equilibrium constant at 400k. So that free energy standard state difference is minus 12.3 kilojoules per mole. I can use that now to calculate delta G under these conditions where Q holds. So let's just plug some of those numbers in. Here's the standard state free energy difference, R and T, and our reaction quotient that we just calculated of 18. So now I can do that arithmetic, and I find out that the delta G for the reaction under these conditions is indeed minus 21.9 kilojoules per mole, just as we expected, the reactants at a higher free energy than the products. So when I subtract products minus reactants, I get a negative number, implying that I'm going to go downhill towards the products, the exact same prediction I got when I compared Q and K. So everything rings true. I can calculate reaction quotients. I can calculate standard state free energy differences and instantaneous free energy differences from the data I'm given, and the relationship between Q, k, delta G, and the standard state free energy.
УдалитьМалкина Дарина 07.05.21
ОтветитьУдалить№1
13.
2) She begged the thief not to take her ring because it was present.
3) Martin's mother told him it was very late and asked him where he had been.
4) He offered to cook the dinner, adding that she looked very tired.
5) She ordered him to stop making noise because she couldn't concentrate. 6 She asked him why he was teasing his sister, reminding him that it upset her.
7) He asked her why she wouldn't go to the party, adding that everyone would love to see her.
8) He admitted having broken the window, explaining that he was the one who kicked the football.
14.
Fatima replied that she didn't like it at first and added that she hadn't been sure it was right for her.
Jane asked her why she had doubts about it.
Fatima explained that there was too much reading and that none of the other students seemed very friendly.
She went on to say that she had got used to it now and liked it a Jot.
Then Fatima wondered if Jane liked her course.
Jane said that the course was all right though she wasn't as interested in History as she thought she was.
Fatima suggested that she study something else and suggested studying English.
Jane exclaimed that that was a really good idea and she added that they could help each other with their work.
15.
2) The boy agreed that he could.
3) The fun park employee advised the boy to keep both his hands on the handle.
4) The fun park employee told the boy not to unfasten his seat belt while on the ride.
5) The fun park employee warned the boy that if he he could fall and get seriously injured.
6) Sally begged the fun park employee to stop the ride because she wanted to get off.
16.
"I don't have enough time to study," Barry said.
"Are you taking part in too many after-school activities?" the student advisor asked Barry.
"Yes, I am in three sports teams," Barry said. "That's why I always feel tired at the end of the day."
"You should participate in one sport only and spend more time in the library studying," the student advisor said.
"You're right. That's a good idea," Barry said.
"I want you to meet with me after your next exam," the student advisor said.
№3
Pros and cons of state banks
Since state banks operate under the auspices of the state, they have the following advantages: minimal risks of bursting;
attractive conditions for loans, including car loans and mortgages with state support;
wide network of branches, walking distance.
The disadvantages of state-owned banks include:
low rates on deposits;
long lines.
It is worth noting that the service situation has begun to improve in recent years. Electronic queues, self-service terminals, Internet and mobile banking systems have appeared.
Advantages and disadvantages of private banks Private banks, not having the capacity of state ones, rely on their own strength and support from investors (owners). Therefore, they try to keep the circle of clients and expand it by:
continuous improvement of service conditions, rapid introduction of new technologies;
the variety of products offered;
relatively high interest rates on deposits.
At the same time, private banks are characterized by:
less stability in the development of crisis phenomena in the economy;
license revocation risks;
higher loan rates.
№2
УдалитьPROFESSOR: Let's look at a gas phase chemical reaction and determine the free energy difference between the products and the reactants. Now, we're going to determine delta G without the standard sign. Delta G with the standard sign would mean all the pressures would be 1 atmosphere. Here, we're not at that standard-state conditions. We're at a different set of conditions. We want to determine if that set of conditions is at equilibrium or will the reaction proceed towards products or reactants to reach equilibrium? So we know the equilibrium constant is 41. So we can calculate a reaction quotient, and compare it to the equilibrium constant, and determine which way the reaction has yet to proceed. So let's do that. The reaction quotient is given by the product concentrations over the reactant concentrations raised to their stoichiometric powers. So the partial pressure of NH3 squared, the partial pressure of nitrogen, and the partial pressure of hydrogen cubed. I can plug in the conditions I've been given. So if I plug those in, partial pressure of ammonia, 21 bar, partial pressure of N2, 4.2 bar, partial pressure of H2, 1.8 bar. And I can do that calculation. That comes out to 18, 18 less than 41. So Q is less than K. That means less than k, that means the denominator must be too big. The reactants are too big. So I'm going to proceed toward products to get Q to equal k. Now, for this reaction I also wanted to calculate the value of delta G, the difference between the free energies of the products and the free energies of the reactants, at these conditions. Now, I should anticipate that that's going to be negative. Because I've already said the reaction is going to go towards products. That means it has to proceed further downhill. The reactant free energies are still too high compared to the product free energies. So let's see if that holds true. I can calculate delta G from the standard state free energy difference and R, the temperature, and this equilibrium quotient that I've just calculated. So let's go ahead and do that. I can calculate delta G standard from minus RTlnK. I was given k and the temperature. So here's R, the gas constant, T, the temperature, 400k, and the equilibrium constant at 400k. So that free energy standard state difference is minus 12.3 kilojoules per mole. I can use that now to calculate delta G under these conditions where Q holds. So let's just plug some of those numbers in. Here's the standard state free energy difference, R and T, and our reaction quotient that we just calculated of 18. So now I can do that arithmetic, and I find out that the delta G for the reaction under these conditions is indeed minus 21.9 kilojoules per mole, just as we expected, the reactants at a higher free energy than the products. So when I subtract products minus reactants, I get a negative number, implying that I'm going to go downhill towards the products, the exact same prediction I got when I compared Q and K. So everything rings true. I can calculate reaction quotients. I can calculate standard state free energy differences and instantaneous free energy differences from the data I'm given, and the relationship between Q, k,delta G, and the standard state free energy.
№4
УдалитьПредставьте, что нитки в кармане джинсов могут зарядить ваш мобильный телефон. Датчики, которым не нужны батарейки, потому что они работают самостоятельно. И то, и другое вскоре станет возможным благодаря новым пьезоэлектрическим материалам и устройствам.
При нажатии, сдавливании или скручивании таких материалов возникает электрический заряд. Добавьте схему для захвата и хранения этого заряда, и вы сможете преобразовать движение в электричество.
Пьезоэлектрические материалы не являются новыми. Но заставить их производить достаточно электричества для выполнения полезной работы - это сложно. Сегодня большинство таких материалов производят всего несколько микроватт энергии. Для сравнения: для питания обычной светодиодной лампы требуется около 8 миллионов микроватт (8 Вт). Большинство современных пьезоэлектрических материалов также керамические. Твердые, но легко ломаемые, они могут длиться недолго.
Но два новых проекта дают представление о том, как эти необычные материалы могут приводить в действие устройства, чтобы они могли работать в новых условиях. Трансформируют ткани. Другой становится похожим на гидролокатор, помогающим подводным роботам в навигации и т. д.
№1
ОтветитьУдалитьe.x.13
2.She begged not to take his ring because it was a present
3.She complained to him of being late and asked where has he been
4.He suggested to cook the dinner because she looked tired
5.She complained to him of making noises, explained she couldn't concentrate
6.She complined him of teasing his sister, explained that it upsets her
7.He asked her why won't she come to the party and added that everyone would love to see her
8.He admitted broking the window and said that he was the one who kicked the football
e.x.14
Fatima said that she did't like it at first and explained that she wasn't sure it was right for her. Jane asked her why she had had doubts about it. Fatima said that there had been to much reading and none of the other students had seemed very friendly but now she had got used to it and liked it a lot. Then asked Jane if she liked her cours. Jane said that It was alright with te course but she was't interested in History as she had thought she had been. Fatima asked Jane why don't she studied something else and suggested her to study English. Jane said that it was really good idea and suggested to Fatima to help each other with thier work
e.x.15
2.The boy replied that he could
3.The fun park employee advised to boy to keep both his hands on the handle
4.The fun park employee ordered not to unfasten his seat belt while on the ridel
5.The fun park employee wanrned the boy if he did he could fall and get seriously injured
6.Sally begged to stop the ride because she wanted to get off
e.x.16
"I don't have enought tme to study" Barry explained.
"Are you taking part in too many after-school activities?" the student advisor asked.
"Yes, I am in three sports teams," Barry said. "That’s why I always feel tired at the end of the day"
"You should participate in one sport only and spend more time in the library studying" the student advisor said.
"I think that you are right it’s a good idea" Barry said.
"I want you to meet me after your next exam" the student advisor said.
Пока батарейки? Зарядите телефон тканью или маяк со звуком. Представьте, что нитки в кармане джинсов могут зарядить ваш мобильный телефон. Представьте датчики, которым не нужны батарейки, потому что они работают самостоятельно. И то, и другое вскоре станет возможным благодаря новым пьезоэлектрическим материалам и устройствам.
УдалитьПри нажатии, сдавливании или скручивании таких материалов возникает электрический заряд. Добавьте схему для захвата и хранения этого заряда, и вы сможете преобразовать движение в электричество.
Пьезоэлектрические (Pee-AY-zoh-ee-LEK-trik) материалы не новы. Но заставить их производить достаточно электричества для выполнения полезной работы. Сегодня большинство таких материалов производят всего несколько микроватт энергии. Для сравнения: для питания обычной светодиодной лампы требуется около 8 миллионов микроватт (8 Вт). Большинство современных пьезоэлектрических материалов также керамические. Твердые, но легко ломаемые, они могут длиться недолго.
Но два новых проекта дают представление о том, как эти необычные материалы могут приводить в действие устройства, чтобы они могли работать в новых условиях. Трансформируют ткани. Другой становится похожим на сонар маяком, помогающим подводным роботам в навигации и т. д.
Усиливающая ткань.
Камал Асади задался вопросом, как он мог бы создать карман, в котором можно было бы заряжать сотовый телефон. Асади - физик из Университета Бата в Англии. Чтобы создать такой зарядный карман, ему понадобится мягкий и эластичный пьезоэлектрический материал. Это исключает керамические. Но нейлон может сработать.
Этот прочный, эластичный и легкий пластик используется во всем: от купальников и спортивной одежды до лески и гитарных струн. Большинство нейлонов не являются пьезоэлектрическими. Но некоторые виды нейлона обладают этим свойством - если и только если вы сначала уговорите его сформировать определенную кристаллическую структуру. Вставить его в эту особую структуру в виде длинной тонкой нити «сложно и сложно», - отмечает Асади. Но его команда недавно нашла способ сделать это.
Сначала исследователи растворили гранулы нейлона в сильной кислоте. Затем они использовали технику, называемую электроспиннингом, чтобы выпустить очень тонкую нить жидкости из иглы. Нить высыхает, когда попадает на тарелку.
Однако в первый раз, когда команда попробовала это, высохшая нить не была пьезоэлектрической. Проблема? «Молекулы кислоты любят оставаться внутри нейлона», - объясняет Асади. «Они очень счастливы и расслаблены. Они не хотят выходить ».
№1
ОтветитьУдалитьe.x.13
2.She begged not to take his ring because it was a present
3.She complained to him of being late and asked where has he been
4.He suggested to cook the dinner because she looked tired
5.She complained to him of making noises, explained she couldn't concentrate
6.She complined him of teasing his sister, explained that it upsets her
7.He asked her why won't she come to the party and added that everyone would love to see her
8.He admitted broking the window and said that he was the one who kicked the football
e.x.14
Fatima said that she did't like it at first and explained that she wasn't sure it was right for her. Jane asked her why she had had doubts about it. Fatima said that there had been to much reading and none of the other students had seemed very friendly but now she had got used to it and liked it a lot. Then asked Jane if she liked her cours. Jane said that It was alright with te course but she was't interested in History as she had thought she had been. Fatima asked Jane why don't she studied something else and suggested her to study English. Jane said that it was really good idea and suggested to Fatima to help each other with thier work
e.x.15
2.The boy replied that he could
3.The fun park employee advised to boy to keep both his hands on the handle
4.The fun park employee ordered not to unfasten his seat belt while on the ridel
5.The fun park employee wanrned the boy if he did he could fall and get seriously injured
6.Sally begged to stop the ride because she wanted to get off
e.x.16
"I don't have enought tme to study" Barry explained.
"Are you taking part in too many after-school activities?" the student advisor asked.
"Yes, I am in three sports teams," Barry said. "That’s why I always feel tired at the end of the day"
"You should participate in one sport only and spend more time in the library studying" the student advisor said.
"I think that you are right it’s a good idea" Barry said.
"I want you to meet me after your next exam" the student advisor said.
07.05✅
ОтветитьУдалитьEx.13
She begged the thief not to take her ring, because it was a present.
Martin’s mother asked him where he had been, because it was very late.
He promised to cook the dinner, because he looked very tired.
She ordered him not to make noise, because she can’t concentrate.
She asked him why he was tasting him sister despite it upsets her.
He asked her not to come to the party, because everyone love to see her.
He admitted broking the window, because he had been the one who had kicked the football.
Ex.14
Fatima replied that she didn't like it at first and added that she hadn't been sure it was right for her.
Jane asked her why she had doubts about it.
Fatima explained that there was too much reading and that none of the other students seemed very friendly.
She went on to say that she had got used to it now and liked it a Jot.
Then Fatima wondered if Jane liked her course.
Jane said that the course was all right though she wasn't as interested in History as she thought she was.
Fatima suggested that she study something else and suggested studying English.
Jane exclaimed that that was a really good idea and she added that they could help each other with their work.
Ex.15
The boy replied that he could.
The fun park employee advised the boy to keep both his hands on the handle.
The fun park employee told the boy not to unfasten his seat belt while on the ride.
The fun park employee warned the boy that if he he could fall and get seriously injured.
Sally begged the fun park employee to stop the ride because she wanted to get off.
Ex.16
“He doesn’t have enough time to study”, he said.
“Could you tacking part in too many after school activities?”, the student advisor asked Barry.
“Yes, I was in three sports teams” he said.
“Let’s have participate in one sport only and spend more time in the library studying” said the student advisor.
“Yes, it’s good idea”, Barry said
“Could you meet with her after his next exam?”, said the student advisor
Listening.
Due to my age, I rarely go to the bank, but I already know how many bank cards I use successfully. I think that in any case, everything is early and face the bank and various operations, such as mortgages. A terrible thing that has been tying our hands for several decades. Now many systems have been invented to simplify the life of banking users, for example, a mobile bank, where you can make transactions without leaving your home. But unfortunately not all banks provide quality services because of which consumers suffer and fall into credit debt.
Reading.
Представьте, что шуршащие нити в кармане джинсов могут зарядить ваш мобильный телефон. Датчики изображения, которые не нуждаются в батарейках, потому что они сами вырабатывают энергию. И то, и другое вскоре может стать возможным благодаря новым пьезоэлектрическим материалам и устройствам.
Прессование, раздавливание или скручивание таких материалов создает электрический заряд. Добавьте схему для захвата и хранения этого заряда, и вы сможете преобразовать движение в электричество.
Пьезоэлектрические материалы не являются новыми. Но заставить их вырабатывать достаточно электричества для выполнения полезной работы-это очень важно. Сегодня большинство таких материалов производят всего несколько микроватт энергии. Для сравнения, для питания обычной светодиодной лампочки требуется около 8 миллионов микроватт (8 ватт). Большинство современных пьезоэлектрических материалов также являются керамическими. Твердые, но легко ломающиеся, они могут прослужить не очень долго.
Но два новых проекта дают представление о том, как эти необычные материалы могут приводить в действие устройства, чтобы они могли работать в новых условиях. Один преобразует ткани. Другой становится похожим на сонар маяком, чтобы помочь навигации подводными роботами и многое другое.
Силютин Александр
ОтветитьУдалить1)
№13
2) She begged not to take his ring because it was a present
3) She complained to him of being late and asked where has he been
4) He suggested to cook the dinner because she looked tired
5) She complained to him of making noises, explained she couldn't concentrate
6) She complined him of teasing his sister, explained that it upsets her
7) He asked her why won't she come to the party and added that everyone would love to see her
8) He admitted broking the window and said that he was the one who kicked the football
№14
1)Fatima replied that she didn't like it at first and added that she hadn't been sure it was right for her.
2)Jane asked her why she had doubts about it.
3)Fatima explained that there was too much reading and that none of the other students seemed very friendly.
4)She went on to say that she had got used to it now and liked it a Jot.
5)Then Fatima wondered if Jane liked her course.
6)Jane said that the course was all right though she wasn't as interested in History as she thought she was.
7)Fatima suggested that she study something else and suggested studying English.
8)Jane exclaimed that that was a really good idea and she added that they could help each other with their work.№15
2) The boy replied that he could
3) The fun park employee advised to boy to keep both his hands on the handle
4) The fun park employee ordered not to unfasten his seat belt while on the ridel
5) The fun park employee wanrned the boy if he did he could fall and get seriously injured
6) Sally begged to stop the ride because she wanted to get off
№16
1)"I don't have enought tme to study" Barry explained.
2)"Are you taking part in too many after-school activities" the student advisor asked
3)"I am in three sports teams" admitted Barry and added "As a result I always feel tired at the end of the day"
4)"You should participate in one sport only and spend more time in the library studying" the student advisor suggested
5)"I think that is good idea" Barry said
6)"I want you to meet me after your next exam" the student advisor asked
2) Let's look at a gas phase chemical reaction and determine the free energy difference between the products and the reactants. Now, we're going to determine delta G without the standard sign. Delta G with the standard sign would mean all the pressures would be 1 atmosphere. Here, we're not at that standard-state conditions. We're at a different set of conditions. We want to determine if that set of conditions is at equilibrium or will the reaction proceed towards products or reactants to reach equilibrium? So we know the equilibrium constant is 41. So we can calculate a reaction quotient, and compare it to the equilibrium constant, and determine which way the reaction has yet to proceed. So let's do that. The reaction quotient is given by the product concentrations over the reactant concentrations raised to their stoichiometric powers. So the partial pressure of NH3 squared, the partial pressure of nitrogen, and the partial pressure of hydrogen cubed. I can plug in the conditions I've been given. So if I plug those in, partial pressure of ammonia, 21 bar, partial pressure of N2, 4.2 bar, partial pressure of H2, 1.8 bar. And I can do that calculation. That comes out to 18, 18 less than 41. So Q is less than K. That means less than k, that means the denominator must be too big. The reactants are too big. So I'm going to proceed toward products to get Q to equal k. Now, for this reaction I also wanted to calculate the value of delta G, the difference between the free energies of the products and the free energies of the reactants, at these conditions. Now, I should anticipate that that's going to be negative.
Силютин Александр
УдалитьBecause I've already said the reaction is going to go towards products. That means it has to proceed further downhill. The reactant free energies are still too high compared to the product free energies. So let's see if that holds true. I can calculate delta G from the standard state free energy difference and R, the temperature, and this equilibrium quotient that I've just calculated. So let's go ahead and do that. I can calculate delta G standard from minus RTlnK. I was given k and the temperature. So here's R, the gas constant, T, the temperature, 400k, and the equilibrium constant at 400k. So that free energy standard state difference is minus 12.3 kilojoules per mole. I can use that now to calculate delta G under these conditions where Q holds. So let's just plug some of those numbers in. Here's the standard state free energy difference, R and T, and our reaction quotient that we just calculated of 18. So now I can do that arithmetic, and I find out that the delta G for the reaction under these conditions is indeed minus 21.9 kilojoules per mole, just as we expected, the reactants at a higher free energy than the products. So when I subtract products minus reactants, I get a negative number, implying that I'm going to go downhill towards the products, the exact same prediction I got when I compared Q and K. So everything rings true. I can calculate reaction quotients. I can calculate standard state free energy differences and instantaneous free energy differences from the data I'm given, and the relationship between Q, k,delta G, and the standard state free energy.
3) Banks today are a very disturbing topic of discussion. Many of us have negative experiences with working with banks. There have been mistakes with the account, when transferring funds and other problems. But still, you have to understand that the number of users is growing and growing every year. And, of course, banks apologize for their mistakes and try to minimize them, as trust in them can fall and the number of users can be sharply reduced. Therefore, you do not need to jump to hasty conclusions, but you also do not need to endure their impudence.
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Удалить4) Для наблюдения за водными животными и их подводным миром Дэн часто использует сети таких маяков. Но они должны быть заменены, когда их батареи разряжаются, что может быть огромной проблемой. «Иногда, - говорит он, - вы кладете их на год, восстанавливаете их и понимаете, что один из них никогда не работал. Это наш худший кошмар для исследователей ».
Напротив, датчикам группы MIT никогда не потребуются батареи. Они приводят себя в действие, используя вибрации ударяющих по ним звуковых волн. Пьезоэлектрическая керамика превращает эти колебания в электричество.
Схема использует это электричество, чтобы разбудить датчик. Затем он отбрасывает звуковые волны обратно в воду. Однако датчик просыпается не для всех типов звука. Он прослушивает частоты, которые посылают человеческие машины или устройства слежения.
Одним холодным бостонским зимним днем в начале 2020 года команда Гаффаривардавага выскочила на снег, чтобы проверить свои датчики в реке Чарльз. Звуковые волны заставили эти датчики проснуться и начать работать. Исследователи описали свою новую технологию в ноябре на 19-м семинаре Ассоциации вычислительной техники по актуальным вопросам в сетях.