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Начинаем активную работу по подготовке к ГОСЭКЗАМЕНУ!
1) Reading&Translating - to read, look up all the unknown words and then translate the text in Russian
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220222121302.htm
2) Listening - to listen twice and do the exercises on 20 Questions, Spelling, Dictation -
https://breakingnewsenglish.com/1710/171007-chemistry-l.html
3) Speaking - The place of living (make up the same in accordance with the examples given)
Living place
Part 1: Introduction & Interview
Q. 1. Where do you live?
Answer: I live in one of the major and biggest metropolis cities called “Rajshahi” of my country (Bangladesh) which is located in the northeast part of my country. Rajshahi is considered to be arguably the cleanest and greenest city of Bangladesh.
Q. 2. What kind of place is it?
Answer: I would say that it is a very nice place with a very manageable crowd (more or less one million people). Rajshahi is also a place where the crime rate is very low. It is about 75 feet above the sea level, and it has a tropical yet wet and dry climate with considerably high humidity and temperature.
Q. 3. What’s the most interesting part of your town/village?
Answer: In my opinion, the most interesting part of my city is that it is situated by one of the biggest and cleanest rivers, called the “Padma” river”, of my country which is visited by thousands of tourists every day. Besides, Rajshahi is also home to the largest public university (with an area of more than 3 square kilometres) of Bangladesh.Q. 4. What kind of jobs do the people in your town/village do?
Answer: The city, in which I live, is not very industrialized, and therefore it rather has limited job opportunities. However, teaching, banking, government services, restaurant jobs, retail jobs, carpentering and fishing are some of the jobs that are available in my city.
Q. 5. Would you say it’s a good place to live? [Why/why not?]
Answer: Yes, I would say that it is certainly one of the best places (if not the best) to live in my country primarily because the living expense is comparatively low. Besides, it doesn’t have a bad traffic problem like many other big cities in the world. Finally, it has a very low crime rate which also makes it a perfect place for living.Q. 1. What are the differences between the lifestyle of people living in the city and people living in the countryside?
Answer: There are some remarkable differences between the lifestyle of people living in the city and the people living in the countryside. The main one, of course, the lifestyle of city dwellers is rather fast-paced while the people, living in the countryside, have a rather “laid-back” lifestyle for the most part. Besides, most of the city dwellers rely on different kinds of jobs and businesses for their livelihoods, but the countryside people are mostly depended on different kinds of farming and agricultural activities to earn their living.
Finally, while city life offers better educational, recreational and glamorous lifestyles, countryside people enjoy living in an “open-space” and pollution-free environment, offering better access to healthier food.
Q. 2. What is the main difference between big cities and small cities?
Answer: Some would say that the main difference between big cities and small cities, well, is their “sizes” obviously, with big cities stretching miles after miles which usually play some leading roles in taking the entire country forward economically, culturally and intellectually. On the other hands, small cities don’t exactly have the “grandeur” or “flavour” of the big cities, with a relatively smaller number of populations living there, that offer a much more relaxing life but much fewer traffic problems and less environmental pollutions. Of course, some would also add those big cities are more expensive for living than that of living in small cities, generally speaking.
Q. 3. How do people in your country generally choose a place to live in?
Answer: Different people in my country have different reasons for choosing a place to live in. For example, some would choose to live in a large city because of better employment, medical treatment, education, and better recreational facilities. Some would want to live in the countryside or village because it would offer them a cleaner and healthier environment for living which has very limited pollutions of all kinds, and where they can enjoy healthier food and breathe fresh air. Then there is, of course, another group of people who like to live in the “suburb” areas, away from the cities but not too close to the countryside either, because they want to enjoy both the amenities and facilities of city life while also enjoying a bit of countryside lifestyle.
Q. 4. Is it better to live in a large house or a small apartment? Why?
Answer: The answer can vary for person to person. But, if it ever comes to me to decide between the two choices in this question, I would certainly say that it is better to live in a large house primarily because it offers more convenience and flexibility in our movement. Besides, living in a large house is better also because it offers us more space to store our household things as well as more space for “manoeuvring”, when needed, whether we need it for “running a small business”, or “doing gardening activities” in its front yard or backyard.
Q. 5. Do you agree that there is a right age for young adults to stop living with their parents? Why?/Why not?
Answer: No, I don’t really agree the suggestion that there is a right age for young adults to stop living with their parents primarily because every person/young adult is different with different abilities and different “sense of dependency” which allow them to become “financially independent” as well as feel “secured”, both physically and mentally. Besides, many parents in my country aren’t simply very comfortable with the idea of their children “leaving” them, either probably because of a very strong loving-bond or because of some other ‘pressing’ social or economic needs, no matter how old their children really are.
Q. 6. 6. How can governments improve living standards in crowded cities?
Answer: The government can improve the living standards in crowded cities in several ways. First, it can actually “encourage” the city dwellers, living inside the crowded cities, to live in the fringe, in an effort to make the cities “less crowded”, by offering them some kinds of “tax incentives” or “tax subsidies” so that they become interested to live outside of crowded city vicinities. Secondly, talking about reducing traffic congestion and pollution, governments can work onto to reducing the number of private vehicles in the streets while rolling more public transports also at the same time to help people commute within the cities.
Савельев Андрей
ОтветитьУдалить№1
Создание искусственных нервных клеток.
В первый раз исследователи продемонстрировали искусственные нервные клетки и синопсисы, которые могут быть интегрированы в живые растения. Нейроны и синопсисы сделаны из напечатанного органического транзистора. Вместе с плотоядной венерианской мухоловкой электронные импульсы, вызванные искусственными нервами, могут заставить листья растения закрыться, однако ни одно муха в попала в ловушку. Органические полупроводники могут проводить и электроны, и ионы, которые помогают повторить механизм пульсаций, генерирующийся в растениях. В таком случае маленький электрические импульс, которые меньше, чем 0.6 В может создать электрический потенциал в растении, которые заставит закрыть листья. "Мы выбрали Венерианскую мухоловку, чтобы более четко показать, как мы можем управлять биологической системой при помощи искусственных органических система и заставить коммуницировать с ними на одном языке" - сказал Саймон Фабио, профессор и главный исследователь в области органической наноэлектроники в лаборатории органической электроники в Лингчепинском Университете
№3
1) I live in Zelenograd. This city was founded like a respond for Silicon valley. We have a lot of factories which was supposed to manufacturing microelectronics but this didn't happen and I don't know what they do now.
2) Zelenograd named like this for a reason. I live in very green town every street is green and we have a lot of trees.
3) I think that the most interesting place in my town is Park Pobedy. Two years ago park was under reconstruction and it became more beatiful. New fountains, new embankment, pretty illumination on the building.
4) My town with each year becoming more and more like Moscow. A lot of people are moving from other part of Moscow to live in Zelenograd because it is cheaper and only thirty minutes away from center of the capital
1) I think that the most important difference between living in city and countryside that people in countryside wake up earlier because the have to take taxi to the town or drive by them selfs
2) The main difference between small and big cities is that small city just like very big family. Everybody know each other so if something happens on the other side of the city everyone will know about it immediately on the other side
3) In my country I think that main rule to choose a place to live is "where you were born, there you will be usefull"
4) If you have to choose where to live in small or big appartment first of all you have to understand how much space do you need. If you live alone one room with kitchen will be enough. But if you live with someone else you need more space for each person you live with. So it is up to you to choose between living in big and small apartment
5) I think that age of leaving your parents and starting to live alone is different for everyone. I study in university and i don't have an opportunity to earn enough money to live all by myself. So if you have money and most important time to cook for yourself clean the house and be productive at university or at the job you should live by yourself.
6) I think that one way to make people's live in crowded cities easier is to ban more than one car for one family and raise cost of parking. It will encourage people to stop using cars and start using public transport. Because it is easier to transport a lot of people in one bus than one or two people in one car
Малкина Дарина
ОтветитьУдалить№1
Исследователи впервые демонстрируют искусственный органический нейрон, нервную клетку, которую можно интегрировать с живым растением и искусственным органическим синапсом. И нейрон, и синапс состоят из печатных органических электрохимических транзисторов.
При подключении к плотоядной венериной мухоловке электрические импульсы от искусственной нервной клетки могут вызвать закрытие листьев растения, хотя в ловушку не попала ни одна муха. Органические полупроводники могут проводить как электроны, так и ионы, тем самым помогая имитировать основанный на ионах механизм генерации импульсов (потенциалов действия) в растениях. В этом случае небольшой электрический импульс менее 0,6 В может индуцировать потенциалы действия в растении, что, в свою очередь, вызывает закрытие листьев.
«Мы выбрали венериную мухоловку, чтобы ясно показать, как мы можем управлять биологической системой с помощью искусственной органической системы и заставить их общаться на одном языке», — говорит Симона Фабиано, доцент и главный исследователь органической наноэлектроники в Лаборатории Органическая электроника, Университет Линчепинга, кампус Норчепинг.
№2
УдалитьI was born and raised in Samara, but currently I live in Moscow because I study at the university.
I live in Moscow not so long ago, but I fell in love with this city with all my heart. I like Moscow much more than Samara. There are many beautiful places that you want to visit again and again.
In my opinion, one of the most beautiful parts of my city is the Apothecary Garden, which is visited daily by thousands of tourists.
The city where I live has a lot of job opportunities. The most demanded professions in Moscow today: IT-specialist; Builder; Cook, Doctor, Nurse, Babysitter, Educator, Personal Chauffeur, Sales Manager, Beauty Industry Worker, Linguist.
I think that Moscow is suitable for those who, firstly, love an active and noisy life. Secondly, there are advantages:
• High earnings and opportunities for career growth;
• Developed urban environment;
• Round-the-clock uninterrupted access to any goods and services;
• Comfortable climate with hot summers and moderate winters;
• Well developed metro network with new stations constantly being built.
There are some remarkable differences between the lifestyle of people living in the city and the people living in the countryside. The main one, of course, the lifestyle of city dwellers is rather fast-paced while the people, living in the countryside, have a rather “laid-back” lifestyle for the most part. Besides, most of the city dwellers rely on different kinds of jobs and businesses for their livelihoods, but the countryside people are mostly dependent on different kinds of farming and agricultural activities to earn their living. Finally, while city life offers better educational, recreational and glamorous lifestyles, countryside people enjoy living in an “open-space” and pollution-free environment, offering better access to healthier food.
Different people in my country have different reasons for choosing a place to live in. For example, some would choose to live in a large city because of better employment, medical treatment, education, and better recreational facilities. Some would want to live in the countryside or village because it would offer them a cleaner and healthier environment for living which has very limited pollution of all kinds, and where they can enjoy healthier food and breathe fresh air. Then there is, of course, another group of people who like to live in the “suburb” areas, away from the cities but not too close to the countryside either, because they want to enjoy both the amenities and facilities of city life while also enjoying a bit of countryside lifestyle.
1. Построение искусственных нервных клеток.
ОтветитьУдалитьОрганические электрохимические нейроны и синапсы с ионным опосредованным шипом.
Впервые исследователи демонстрируют искусственный органический нейрон, нервную клетку, которая может быть интегрирована с живым растением и искусственным органическим синапсом. И нейрон, и синапс изготовлены из печатных органических электрохимических транзисторов.
При подключении к плотоядной мухоловушке Венеры электрические импульсы из искусственной нервной клетки могут привести к закрытию листьев растения, хотя ни одна муха не попала в ловушку. Органические полупроводники могут проводить как электроны, так и ионы, тем самым помогая имитировать ионный механизм генерации импульсов (потенциала действия) в растениях. В этом случае небольшой электрический импульс менее 0,6 В может вызвать потенциалы действия на установке, что, в свою очередь, приводит к закрытию листьев.
"Мы выбрали мухоушечку Венеры, чтобы четко показать, как мы можем управлять биологической системой с помощью искусственной органической системы и заставить их общаться на одном языке", - говорит Симона Фабиано, доцент и главный исследователь в области органической наноэлектроники в Лаборатории органической электроники, Университет Линчёпинга, кампус Норрчёпинг.
В 2018 году исследовательская группа в Линчёпингском университете первой разработала дополнительные и печатные органические электрохимические схемы, то есть с полимерами типа n и p-типа, которые проводят отрицательные и положительные заряды. Это позволило построить печатные дополнительные органические электрохимические транзисторы. Впоследствии группа оптимизировала органические транзисторы, чтобы их можно было изготовить в печатных машинах на тонкой пластиковой фольге. Тысячи транзисторов могут быть напечатаны на одной пластиковой подложке. Вместе с исследователями в Лунде и Гётеборге группа использовала печатные транзисторы для эмуляции нейронов и синапсов биологической системы. Результаты были опубликованы в журнале Nature Communications.
"Впервые мы используем способность транзистора переключаться на основе концентрации ионов для модуляции частоты шипов", - говорит Падинхаре Чолаккал Харикеш, постдокторант в Лаборатории органической электроники. Частота шипов дает сигнал, который заставляет биологическую систему реагировать.
"Мы также показали, что связь между нейроном и синапсом имеет обучающее поведение, называемое обучением Хебби. Информация хранится в синапсе, что делает сигнализацию все более эффективной", - говорит Симона Фабиано.
Есть надежда, что искусственные нервные клетки могут быть использованы для чувствительных протезов человека, имплантируемых систем для облегчения неврологических заболеваний и мягкой интеллектуальной робототехники.
"Мы разработали ионные нейроны, похожие на наши собственные, которые могут быть связаны с биологическими системами. Органические полупроводники имеют множество преимуществ - они биосовместимы, биоразлагаемы, мягкие и формообразуемые. Для работы требуется только низкое напряжение, что полностью безвредно как для растений, так и для позвоночных", - объясняет Чи-Юань Ян, постдокторант в Лаборатории органической электроники.
Исследование было поддержано фондом Кнута и Алисы Валленберг, Шведским исследовательским советом, Шведским фондом стратегических исследований и Шведским правительственным районом стратегических исследований в области материаловедения в области функциональных материалов в Линко? Университет пинга, среди прочих.
2.
ОтветитьУдалить1)What did you think when you read the headline?
2)What images are in your mind when you hear the word 'prize'?
3)What do you know about the Nobel Prize?
4)What do you know about chemistry?
5)What do you know about molecules?
6)How important are scientists?
7)How good were/are you at chemistry?
8)What would you like to zoom in on?
9)How important are scientists compared to bankers?
10)Why is it important to see the building blocks of life?
11)Did you like reading this article?
12)What do you think of when you hear the word 'scientists'?
13)What do you think about what you read?
14)How will the new technique change science?
15)What secrets about the body would you like to know?
16)What Nobel Prize would you like to win?
17)What science would you like to work in?
18)How important are scientists compared to police officers?
19)Would it be good if all diseases were cured?
20)What questions would you like to ask the prizewinners?
3.
ОтветитьУдалитьQ. 1. Where do you live?
Answer: I live in of the major and biggest metropolis cities called “Moscow” of my country (Russia) which is located in the west part of my country. Moscow is a capital of Russia.
Q. 2. What kind of place is it?
Answer: I would say that it is a very nice place with a large population (more then 14 million people). Moscow is also a place where the crime rate is very low. It is very cold in the winter and hot in summer.
Q. 3. What’s the most interesting part of your town/village?
Answer: In my opinion, the most interesting part of my city is that it is situated by one of the biggest rivers, called the “Moscow river”, of my country which is visited by thousands of tourists every day. Besides, Moscow is also home to the largest public university of Russia.
Q. 4. What kind of jobs do the people in your town/village do?
Answer: The city, in which I live, is not very industrialized, and therefore it rather has limited job opportunities. However, teaching, banking, government services, restaurant jobs, retail jobs are some of the jobs that are available in my city.
3. 2.
ОтветитьУдалитьQ. 1. What are the differences between the lifestyle of people living in the city and people living in the countryside?
Answer: There are some remarkable differences between the lifestyle of people living in the city and the people living in the countryside. The main one, of course, the lifestyle of city dwellers is rather fast-paced while the people, living in the countryside, have a rather “laid-back” lifestyle for the most part. Besides, most of the city dwellers rely on different kinds of jobs and businesses for their livelihoods, but the countryside people are mostly depended on different kinds of farming and agricultural activities to earn their living. Finally, while city life offers better educational, recreational and glamorous lifestyles, countryside people enjoy living in an “open-space” and pollution-free environment, offering better access to healthier food.
Q. 2. What is the main difference between big cities and small cities?
Answer: Some would say that the main difference between big cities and small cities, well, is their “sizes” obviously, with big cities stretching miles after miles which usually play some leading roles in taking the entire country forward economically, culturally and intellectually. On the other hands, small cities don’t exactly have the “grandeur” or “flavour” of the big cities, with a relatively smaller number of populations living there, that offer a much more relaxing life but much fewer traffic problems and less environmental pollutions. Of course, some would also add those big cities are more expensive for living than that of living in small cities, generally speaking.
Q. 3. How do people in your country generally choose a place to live in?
Answer: Different people in my country have different reasons for choosing a place to live in. For example, some would choose to live in a large city because of better employment, medical treatment, education, and better recreational facilities. Some would want to live in the countryside or village because it would offer them a cleaner and healthier environment for living which has very limited pollutions of all kinds, and where they can enjoy healthier food and breathe fresh air. Then there is, of course, another group of people who like to live in the “suburb” areas, away from the cities but not too close to the countryside either, because they want to enjoy both the amenities and facilities of city life while also enjoying a bit of countryside lifestyle.
3. 3.
ОтветитьУдалитьQ. 4. Is it better to live in a large house or a small apartment? Why?
Answer: The answer can vary for person to person. But, if it ever comes to me to decide between the two choices in this question, I would certainly say that it is better to live in a large house primarily because it offers more convenience and flexibility in our movement. Besides, living in a large house is better also because it offers us more space to store our household things as well as more space for “manoeuvring”, when needed, whether we need it for “running a small business”, or “doing gardening activities” in its front yard or backyard. But most often private houses are located outside the city and you need a car to even get to the store, not to mention work.
Q. 5. Do you agree that there is a right age for young adults to stop living with their parents? Why?/Why not?
Answer: No, I don’t really agree the suggestion that there is a right age for young adults to stop living with their parents primarily because every person/young adult is different with different abilities and different “sense of dependency” which allow them to become “financially independent” as well as feel “secured”, both physically and mentally. Besides, many parents in my country aren’t simply very comfortable with the idea of their children “leaving” them, either probably because of a very strong loving-bond or because of some other ‘pressing’ social or economic needs, no matter how old their children really are.
Q. 6. How can governments improve living standards in crowded cities?
Answer: The government can improve the living standards in crowded cities in several ways. First, it can actually “encourage” the city dwellers, living inside the crowded cities, to live in the fringe, in an effort to make the cities “less crowded”, by offering them some kinds of “tax incentives” or “tax subsidies” so that they become interested to live outside of crowded city vicinities. Secondly, talking about reducing traffic congestion and pollution, governments can work onto to reducing the number of private vehicles in the streets while rolling more public transports also at the same time to help people commute within the cities. Also they could improve life in other cities and urban-type settlements, so that people would move there and find properly paid work.
Силютин Александр
ОтветитьУдалить№1
Исследователи впервые представили искусственный органический нейрон, нервную клетку, которую можно интегрировать с живым растением и искусственным органическим синапсом. И нейрон, и синапс состоят из печатных органических электрохимических транзисторов.
При подключении к плотоядной венериной мухоловке электрические импульсы от искусственной нервной клетки могут вызвать закрытие листьев растения, хотя в ловушку не попала ни одна муха. Органические полупроводники могут проводить как электроны, так и ионы, тем самым помогая имитировать основанный на ионах механизм генерации импульсов (потенциалов действия) в растениях. В этом случае небольшой электрический импульс менее 0,6 В может индуцировать потенциалы действия в растении, что, в свою очередь, вызывает закрытие листьев.
«Мы выбрали венериную мухоловку, чтобы ясно показать, как мы можем управлять биологической системой с помощью искусственной органической системы и заставить их общаться на одном языке», — говорит Симона Фабиано, доцент и главный исследователь органической наноэлектроники в Лаборатории Органическая электроника, Университет Линчепинга, кампус Норчепинг.
В 2018 году исследовательская группа Университета Линчёпинга первой разработала комплементарные и пригодные для печати органические электрохимические схемы, то есть с полимерами как n-типа, так и p-типа, которые проводят отрицательные и положительные заряды. Это позволило создать печатные комплементарные органические электрохимические транзисторы. Впоследствии группа оптимизировала органические транзисторы, чтобы их можно было производить в печатных машинах на тонкой пластиковой фольге. На одной пластиковой подложке можно напечатать тысячи транзисторов. Совместно с исследователями из Lund (Лунда) и Gothenburg (Готербурга) группа использовала печатные транзисторы для имитации нейронов и синапсов биологической системы. Результаты опубликованы в журнале Nature Communications.
«Впервые мы используем способность транзистора переключаться в зависимости от концентрации ионов для модуляции частоты всплесков», — говорит Падинхаре Чолаккал Харикеш, научный сотрудник Лаборатории органической электроники. Амплитудная частота дает сигнал, который вызывает реакцию биологической системы.
«Мы также показали, что связь между нейроном и синапсом имеет обучающий характер, называемое обучением по Хеббу. Информация хранится в синапсе, что делает передачу сигналов все более и более эффективной», — говорит Саймон Фабиано.
Есть надежда, что искусственные нервные клетки можно будет использовать для чувствительных человеческих протезов, имплантируемых систем для лечения неврологических заболеваний и мягкой интеллектуальной робототехники.
«Мы разработали нейроны на основе ионов, подобные нашим, которые можно подключать к биологическим системам. Органические полупроводники обладают многочисленными преимуществами — они биосовместимы, биоразлагаемы, гибкие и поддаются формованию. Для их работы требуется только низкое напряжение и совершенно безвреден как для растений, так и для позвоночных», — объясняет Чи-Юань Ян, научный сотрудник Лаборатории органической электроники.
Исследование проводилось при финансовой поддержке фонда Knut и Alice Wallenberg, Шведского исследовательского совета, Шведского фонда стратегических исследований и Шведского правительственного центра стратегических исследований в области материаловедения функциональных материалов в Университете Линчёпинга.
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Удалить1) I live in one of the largest cities in Russia and its capital Moscow, which is located in the western part of Russia.
2) Due to the fact that Moscow is the capital, it is a very busy and crowded city with a population of more than 1 million people. The climate here is temperate, but in summer there is very high humidity due to stagnation of air masses.
3) The best feature of this city is its huge opportunities compared to other cities in Russia. There are also many tourists who come to see the local attractions.
4) Since Moscow is the capital, it is a very developed city with huge opportunities to work in various directions.
5)
6) There are many differences in the lives of people living in big cities and provinces. The main difference is the lifestyle itself: in big cities it is very noisy and everyone is busy with their own affairs, while in rural areas they lead a measured and healthy lifestyle, everyone knows each other. Also the main difference is technological development and capabilities: so for a big city, there are great opportunities in terms of employment and a more developed technological state.
7) In my opinion, the main difference is the lifestyle style. So in small towns, a measured life prevails with quite pleasant and healthy living conditions. Unlike big cities where the hustle and bustle prevails. Such a course of life is not very good for human health
8) Many people in my country choose a place to live, taking into account further desires. Therefore, most of them move to big cities, where there are a lot of opportunities for their future.
9) It is impossible to give an unambiguous answer to this question. This is due to various factors. Many people prefer to live in a big house, as it is prestigious, huge freedom of movement and so on. On the other hand, this house will cost a lot of money and it will take a lot of time and effort to clean it. For me personally, living in a small apartment is enough, but many may disagree with me.
10) In my opinion, every person needs to live separately from their parents. After all, in this way we develop independence and get to know life to the fullest. We get to know all its difficulties and adversities and cope with them on our own.
11) To improve the standard of living in cities, the government can take such measures as to contribute to the redistribution of people throughout the city. This will reduce congestion in the city center and improve the quality of life throughout the city. People should also be encouraged to use less transport, which will significantly improve the overall condition on the roads, especially during busy times.