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В силу того, что прибывание перед экраном мониторов влияет на глаза, я перевела Вас (по просьбе большинства) на ежедневные занятия в режиме он лайн длительностью 60 мин. каждое, что сохраняет общий объём количества часов курса. Жаль, что многие так и нашли время, чтобы принять участие в семинарах.
1) Grammar - Round UP p. 51-53 ex. 1-4
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1dsOHTimSb-FmCTpAOG_v53T1zs7uT5SH
2) Vocabulary - выполните упражнение и дайте свои примеры на применение слов с которыми Вы работали в упражнении.
1. The poor quality of the service led to many complaints.
2. The agreement has to go to the board for ______________.
3. We have had a ______________ working in the office this week to clear the backlog of letters.
4. His overall _______________ has improved considerably since he went on a management training
course.
5. The salary _______________ for this sort of job is between £17,000 and £19,000.
6. We hired Mr Smith because of his financial _______________.
7. Although the work itself was interesting, there was a lot of _______________ with the organisation
and its rules.
8. When he disobeyed the orders he was given, he was dismissed for gross _______________ .
9. There is a lot of _______________ between the sales and accounts staff which we need to resolve
as soon as possible.
10. The company sent her on a management _______________ to help her develop her managerial
skills.
11. She has finished university and is now looking for a _______________ with a design agency.
12. Although he is a freelance worker, we don't want him to work for anyone else, so we pay him a
__________ of £2,000.
13. London is an expensive city, so people working for our company there receive a £2,000 London
_______________ in addition to their salary.
15. The union has threatened an ______________ in strike action.
3) Listening - послушать, выписать слова и фразы и выразить своё мнение в письменной форме.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/6-minute-english/ep-200206
4) Reading/Translating/Tests -
https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-chemistry-intermediate/section/19.2/
В силу того, что прибывание перед экраном мониторов влияет на глаза, я перевела Вас (по просьбе большинства) на ежедневные занятия в режиме он лайн длительностью 60 мин. каждое, что сохраняет общий объём количества часов курса. Жаль, что многие так и нашли время, чтобы принять участие в семинарах.
1) Grammar - Round UP p. 51-53 ex. 1-4
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1dsOHTimSb-FmCTpAOG_v53T1zs7uT5SH
2) Vocabulary - выполните упражнение и дайте свои примеры на применение слов с которыми Вы работали в упражнении.
1. The poor quality of the service led to many complaints.
2. The agreement has to go to the board for ______________.
3. We have had a ______________ working in the office this week to clear the backlog of letters.
4. His overall _______________ has improved considerably since he went on a management training
course.
5. The salary _______________ for this sort of job is between £17,000 and £19,000.
6. We hired Mr Smith because of his financial _______________.
7. Although the work itself was interesting, there was a lot of _______________ with the organisation
and its rules.
8. When he disobeyed the orders he was given, he was dismissed for gross _______________ .
9. There is a lot of _______________ between the sales and accounts staff which we need to resolve
as soon as possible.
10. The company sent her on a management _______________ to help her develop her managerial
skills.
11. She has finished university and is now looking for a _______________ with a design agency.
12. Although he is a freelance worker, we don't want him to work for anyone else, so we pay him a
__________ of £2,000.
13. London is an expensive city, so people working for our company there receive a £2,000 London
_______________ in addition to their salary.
15. The union has threatened an ______________ in strike action.
3) Listening - послушать, выписать слова и фразы и выразить своё мнение в письменной форме.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/6-minute-english/ep-200206
4) Reading/Translating/Tests -
https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-chemistry-intermediate/section/19.2/
Grammar
ОтветитьУдалитьEx.1
2.couldn’t stop
3.can drive
4.can’t use
5.could read
6.couldn’t open
Ex.2
2. was able to find it.
3.was able to finish it
4.were able to find it
Ex. 3
2.Can
3.have been able to
4.could
5.to be able
Ex.4
2.must
3.can’t
4.should
5.may
6.should
Vocabulary
2.ratification
Its ratification by a state only goes part of the way in countering corruption.
3.temp
They can't keep her temperature down.
4.performance
Performance is completion of a task with application of knowledge, skills and abilities.
5.range
There is a wide range of abilities in our tennis club, from absolute beginners to those who have played professionally.
6.expertise
How to use expertise in a sentence?
7. dissatisfaction
Dissatisfaction is defined as the state of being unhappy, or the thing causing the unhappiness.
8. misconduct
Police misconduct within the sheriff’s department caused several officers to be fired.
9.friction
Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other.
10.course
I did a course in creative writing.
11 .placement
The centre provides a job placement service.
12.retainer
The musician used a retainer to hold his guitar string in place
13.weighting
The tests and teacher assessments have equal weighting.
15.escalation
The cold weather has escalated fuel prices.
Listening
Different opinions on the same topic often cause disagreement between people and disputes. A person naturally begins to argue when he hears something that he does not agree with or that contradicts his already established opinion on a particular issue. This is how it should be. Each person must have his personal opinion on some issue and each person must defend their opinion.
УдалитьReading and translating 19.1
The forward reaction is the exothermic direction: the formation of NH3 releases heat. The reverse reaction is the endothermic direction: as NH3 decomposes to N2 and H2, heat is absorbed. An increase in the temperature of a system favors the direction of the reaction that absorbs heat, the endothermic direction. Absorption of heat in this case is a relief of the stress provided by the temperature increase. For the Haber-Bosch process, an increase in temperature favors the reverse reaction. The concentration of NH3 in the system decreases, while the concentrations of N2 and H2 increase.
Conversely, a decrease in the temperature of a system favors the direction of the reaction that releases heat: the exothermic direction. For the Haber-Bosch process, a decrease in temperature favors the forward reaction. The concentration of NH3 in the system increases, while the concentrations of N2 and H2 decrease.
For changes in concentration, the system responds in such a way that the value of the equilibrium constant, Keq, is unchanged. However, a change in temperature shifts the equilibrium and changes the value of Keq. As discussed in the previous section, values of Keq are dependent on the temperature. When the temperature of the system for the Haber-Bosch process is increased, the resultant shift in equilibrium toward the reactants means that the Keq value decreases. When the temperature is decreased, the shift in equilibrium toward the products means that the Keq value increases.
Прямая реакция-это экзотермическое направление: образование NH3 выделяет тепло. Обратная реакция-это эндотермическое направление: когда NH3 разлагается до N2 и H2, тепло поглощается. Увеличение температуры системы благоприятствует направлению реакции, которая поглощает тепло, эндотермическому направлению. Поглощение тепла в этом случае является облегчением напряжения, обеспечиваемого повышением температуры. Для процесса Хабера-Боша повышение температуры способствует обратной реакции. Концентрация NH3 в системе уменьшается, в то время как концентрации N2 и H2 увеличиваются.
И наоборот, снижение температуры системы благоприятствует направлению реакции, которая выделяет тепло: экзотермическому направлению. Для процесса Хабера-Боша снижение температуры благоприятствует прямой реакции. Концентрация NH3 в системе увеличивается, в то время как концентрации N2 и H2 уменьшаются.
При изменении концеyтрации система реагирует таким образом, что значение константы равновесия, остается неизменным. Однако изменение температуры сдвигает равновесие и изменяет величину константы равновесия . Как обсуждалось в предыдущем разделе, значения констант равновесия зависят от температуры. Когда температура системы для процесса Хабера-Боша повышается, результирующий сдвиг равновесия в сторону реагентов означает, что значение константы уменьшается. При понижении температуры смещение равновесия в сторону продуктов означает, что значение константы увеличивается.
Test 19.1
1. Stresses to a chemical system include changes in the concentrations of reactants or products, changes in the temperature of the system, or changes in the pressure of the system.
2. A change in temperature shifts the equilibrium and changes the value of Keq.
3. A reaction will go to completion if the amount of reactants is so small there is not enough to reach the equilibrium concentration of products
4. Increasing the pressure on a reaction involving reacting gases increases the rate of reaction. Changing the pressure on a reaction which involves only solids or liquids has no effect on the rate.
5. Catalysts have equal effects on the forward and reverse rates, so for a system at equilibrium, these two rates remain equal. A system will reach equilibrium more quickly in the presence of a catalyst, but the equilibrium position itself is unaffected.
6.A) forward B) reverse C) forward d) forward e) neither f) forward g) reverse h) neither
7. A) increase b) decrease c) increase d) increase e) neither f) decrease g) decrease h) decrease
Grammar
ОтветитьУдалить№1
1. can’t come
2. couldn’t stop
3. can drive
4. can’t use
5. could read
6. couldn’t open
№ 2
1. were able to get there on time
2. was able to find it.
3. was able to finish it
4. were able to find it
№ 3
1. will be able
2. can
3. have been able to
4. could
5. to be able
№ 4
1. may
2. must
3. can’t
4. should
5. may
6. should
Listening
УдалитьTo agree or disagree with someone else’s point of view is our personal business, so we cannot say for sure that it is good to disagree or bad. Arguements themselves are meaningless, because those ones who argue do not seek the truth, they want only to affirm themselves. The most reasonable solution is to agree with everyone, but act in your own way at the same time.
Text 19.2
УдалитьEquilibrium represents a balance between the reactants and the products of a chemical reaction. Changes to the conditions of the system can disturb that equilibrium. When this occurs, the system reacts in such a way as to restore the equilibrium. However, the position of equilibrium will be changed following the disturbance. In other words, the response of the system involves a change in the amounts of the reactants and products. Some will increase and some will decrease until equilibrium is reestablished.
Chemical equilibrium was studied by French chemist Henri Le Châtelier (1850-1936), and his description of how a system at equilibrium responds to a change in conditions has become known as Le Châtelier’s principle: When a chemical system that is at equilibrium is disturbed by a stress, the system will respond by attempting to counteract that stress until a new equilibrium is established. Stresses to a chemical system include changes in the concentrations of reactants or products, changes in the temperature of the system, or changes in the pressure of the system. We will discuss each of these stresses separately. In each case, the change to the equilibrium position will cause either the forward or reverse reaction to be favored over the opposite process.
Равновесие представляет собой баланс между реагентами и продуктами химической реакции. Изменение условий системы может нарушить это равновесие. Когда это происходит, система реагирует таким образом, чтобы восстановить равновесие, но тем не менее, положение равновесия изменится. Другими словами, ответ системы на внешнее воздействие включает в себя изменение количества реагентов и продуктов. Чего-то станет меньше, а чего-то больше, пока не восстановится равновесие.
Химическое равновесие изучал французский химик Анри Ле Шателье (1850-1936). Его описание того, как система в состоянии равновесия реагирует на изменение условий, стало известно как принцип Ле Шателье: когда химическая система, находящаяся в равновесии, испытывает внешнее воздействие, система будет пытаться нейтрализовать это воздействие, пока не будет установлено новое равновесие. Воздействия на химическую систему включают в себя изменения концентрации реагентов или продуктов, изменения температуры или изменения давления в системе. Мы обсудим каждое из них отдельно. В каждом случае изменение положения равновесия приведет к тому, что прямая или обратная реакция станет предпочтительнее противоположного процесса.
Grammar
ОтветитьУдалитьEx.1
2.couldn’t stop
3.can drive
4.can’t use
5.could read
6.couldn’t open
Ex.2
2. was able to find it.
3.was able to finish it
4.were able to find it
Ex. 3
2.Can
3.have been able to
4.could
5.to be able
Ex.4
2.must
3.can’t
4.should
5.may
6.should
Test 19.1
1. Stresses to a chemical system include changes in the concentrations of reactants or products, changes in the temperature of the system, or changes in the pressure of the system.
2. A change in temperature shifts the equilibrium and changes the value of Keq.
3. A reaction will go to completion if the amount of reactants is so small there is not enough to reach the equilibrium concentration of products
5.range
There is a wide range of abilities in our tennis club, from absolute beginners to those who have played professionally.
6.expertise
How to use expertise in a sentence?
7. dissatisfaction
Dissatisfaction is defined as the state of being unhappy, or the thing causing the unhappiness.
8. misconduct
Police misconduct within the sheriff’s department caused several officers to be fired.